As everyone knows, nothing can be accomplished without rules and regulations. This saying primarily applies to us humans. But what about materials and equipment—do they have their own unique set of standards when being used? The answer is yes. Take, for example, construction formwork: when it’s put into use, there are indeed specific guidelines that must be followed—primarily to ensure the safety of both the user and those around them. So what exactly are these usage guidelines? Let’s find out together with a Guangxi-based construction formwork manufacturer.
I. Quality Requirements and Inspection & Acceptance Criteria for Formwork Construction
Basic Provisions
1. The formwork and its supporting structures shall be designed based on factors such as the structural form of the project, the magnitude of loads, the type of foundation soil, construction equipment, and material supply. The formwork and its supporting structures must have sufficient load-bearing capacity, rigidity, and stability to reliably withstand the weight of the concrete being poured, lateral pressures, and construction loads.
2. Before pouring concrete, the formwork system must be inspected and accepted.
During formwork installation and concrete pouring, the formwork and its supporting structures should be closely monitored and maintained. In the event of any abnormal conditions, timely measures should be taken in accordance with the construction technical plan.
3. The sequence for removing formwork and its supports, as well as the associated safety measures, shall be carried out in accordance with the construction technical plan.
General items
1. Template installation shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The joints of the formwork shall not allow any slurry leakage. Before concrete is poured, wooden formwork should be thoroughly wetted with water, but there should be no standing water inside the formwork.
(2) The contact surfaces between the formwork and concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned and coated with a release agent, but no release agent that could affect the structural performance or hinder the execution of decorative works shall be used.
(3) Before concrete is poured, all debris inside the formwork shall be thoroughly cleaned out.
(4) For exposed concrete projects and decorative concrete projects, formwork that can achieve the desired design effect should be used.
2. The floor surfaces and molds used as templates shall be smooth and flat, and must not exhibit any settlement, cracks, sanding, or blistering that could affect the quality of the components.
3. For cast-in-place reinforced concrete beams and slabs with a span of not less than 4 meters, the formwork shall be cambered according to design requirements. When the design does not specify particular requirements, the camber height should preferably be between 1/1000 and 3/1000 of the span.
4. Embedded parts, reserved holes, and reserved openings fixed to the formwork must not be omitted and shall be installed securely. Their deviations shall comply with the provisions in Table 1-1.
II. Selection and Control of Raw Materials
1. Template Selection
(1) Identification of Template Types and Quality
Plywood used as concrete formwork has the following advantages:
(1) The panels are large in size, lightweight, and have a smooth surface. This not only reduces the installation workload and saves on on-site labor costs but also lowers expenses associated with finishing exposed concrete surfaces and grinding down joints.
(2) It has a high load-bearing capacity, especially after surface treatment, it exhibits excellent wear resistance and can be reused multiple times.
(3) The material is lightweight—18mm-thick plywood—with a weight of 50 kg per unit area, making it convenient for the transportation, stacking, use, and management of formwork.
(4) It has excellent thermal insulation performance, which can prevent rapid temperature fluctuations. During winter construction, it helps maintain the warmth of the concrete.
(5) Easy to saw and cut, and readily machinable into templates of various shapes;
(6) Easily bent and shaped according to project requirements, making it suitable for use as curved formwork.
(7) It is most ideal for use in formwork for exposed concrete.
Wood-based plywood can be classified by wood species into softwood plywood (made from species such as pine, yellow pine, larch, and red pine) and hardwood plywood (made from species such as ash, birch, elm, boxwood, and paulownia). Based on water resistance performance, plywood is divided into four categories:
Class I—Features high water resistance and excellent resistance to boiling water; the adhesive used is phenolic resin adhesive (PF), primarily intended for outdoor applications.
Class II—Water-resistant and moisture-proof plywood, using melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (MUF), suitable for high-humidity environments and outdoor use;
Class III—Moisture-resistant plywood, with phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive (OF), for indoor use;
Class IV—Not water-resistant, not moisture-resistant; bonded with blood meal or soybean meal; has been discontinued in recent years.
The wood plywood used for concrete formwork is Class I plywood with high weather and water resistance. The adhesive used is phenolic resin, and the wood species primarily processed include klon, abietin, meranti, birch, slash pine, Yunnan pine, and larch.
After reading the introduction above, do you now have a better understanding of the standards involved in the use of construction formwork? We hope this has been helpful to you.
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